Which term refers to the measure of a pesticide's capacity to cause injury from a single exposure?

The correct term that refers to the measure of a pesticide's capacity to cause injury from a single exposure is acute toxicity. Acute toxicity is specifically concerned with the effects that occur shortly after a single dose or exposure to a substance, typically within 24 hours. This measure is crucial for understanding the immediate health risks associated with pesticides, as it helps determine how harmful they can be with just one instance of contact or ingestion.

In contrast, chronic toxicity evaluates the long-term effects of repeated exposure to a substance over time, which does not apply to the question about injury resulting from a single exposure. Environmental hazards refer to the potential for a substance to cause harm to the environment, but this is broader and not uniquely focused on immediate injury from a single exposure. Exposure risk encompasses the likelihood of being exposed to a hazard but does not specifically indicate the immediate toxic effects. Therefore, acute toxicity directly addresses the question asked.