What is the name of an agent that destroys microorganisms that might carry disease?

A disinfectant is an agent that destroys microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that can lead to diseases. Disinfectants are crucial in maintaining hygiene and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. They are commonly used in various settings, such as hospitals, kitchens, and households, to sanitize surfaces and equipment effectively.

In contrast, the other terms refer to different substances with distinct purposes: a defoliant is a chemical used to cause the leaves of plants to fall off, primarily in agriculture; a desiccant is a substance that absorbs moisture and is used to keep materials dry; and a diluent is a substance used to dilute a solution, often to adjust concentration for a specific purpose, such as medication preparation. Understanding these definitions helps clarify why disinfectants are specifically intended to combat disease-causing microorganisms.